Aleister Crowley On Friedrich Nietzsche
From Crowley’s knowledge of Nietzsche, we can guess that he read at least The Gay Science, Beyond Good and Evil, and The Antichrist. He mentioned Antichrist by name in the above quotation, and essentially mentions Beyond Good and Evil in the following commentary to Liber LXV V:37, “O ye that are beyond Aormuzdi and Ahrimanes! blessèd are ye unto the ages:” He comments: “In Persian Theology, the principles of Good and Evil. Cf. Nietzsche; and in our own doctrine, expressed in many ways in many places.”
“這個時期（或普遍）的道德：那就是‘奴隸神’的記號，已被尼采在《反基督者》裡進行過了一番徹底剖析與破壞翻譯它涵蓋了所有最卑劣的惡習，特別是妒忌、懦弱、殘忍還有貪心...”——《沒有眼淚的魔法》，第70篇
Nietzsche published his first major work at age 27 (in 1871), entitled The Birth of Tragedy翻譯社 which was highly praised by Wagner but harshly criticized by various scholars. In 1878翻譯社 at age 33翻譯社 Nietzsche published Human翻譯社 All-Too-Human which essentially ended his friendship with Wagner because of certain characterizations of him (called “the artist” in the book). In 1879, Nietzsche resigned his professorship at Basel because of health problems.
“[In 1919] my main idea had been to found a community on the principles of The Book of the Law, to form an archetype of a new society. The main ethical principle is that each human being has his own definite object in life. He has every right to fulfil this purpose, and none to do anything else. It is the business of the community to help each of its members to achieve this aim; in consequence all rules should be made, and all questions of policy decided, by the application of this principle to the circumstances. We have thus made a clean sweep of all the rough and ready codes of convention which have characterized past civilizations. Such codes, besides doing injustice to the individual, fail by being based on arbitrary assumptions which are not only false, but insult and damage the moral sense. Their authority rested on definitions of right and wrong which were untenable. As soon as Nietzsche and others demonstrated that fact, they lost their validity.” —Confessions翻譯社 chapter 87.
“去讀尼采！”——阿萊斯特・克勞利
“Read Nietzsche!” –“The Ordeal of Ida Pendragon” from The Equinox I:6
克勞利還寫說，“但是，華碩翻譯社用我的威嚴叮囑你：去過著危險的生涯吧翻譯這不正是弗里德里希・尼采叔叔的話嗎？”（《律法》，第47篇）翻譯“危險的生活”這話很可能是參考自《快樂的科學》（“從生存中收獲最大的功效與最極致的享受的詭秘就是——過上危險的生涯...”）不過類似的想法在《查拉圖斯特拉如是說》裡也有出現過。克勞利還曾附和過尼采的進化與權力意志觀：
The Nietzschean Standpoint in Thelemic Writings
在華碩翻譯社的幻想國裡，每一個人都有受到尊敬的權力翻譯奴隸總是存在，所謂的奴隸就是那種默許本身淪為奴隸的人翻譯”（《自白》，第60篇）。他還說：總的來說，克勞利十分認同尼采說基督教就是“奴隸道德”的表現這話。克勞利寫道，“我完全同意尼采，基督教是奴隸國度的方法；真實的貴族與真實的民主一樣是其仇敵。 弗里德里希・尼采是一名德國哲學家，詩人和說話學家，糊口於1844-1900年間。 In the essay of Magick Without Tears when Crowley describes the Three Schools of Magick. He essentially defines the White School by quoting from The Book of the Law and then citing Nietzsche翻譯社 relating the two closely: “The Book [of the Law] announces a new dichotomy in human society; there is the master and there is the slave; the noble and the serf; the “lone wolf” and the herd. [The “Master” roughly denotes the able, the adventurous, welcoming responsibility. The “slave:” his motto is “Safety first,” with all that this implies. Race, birth, breeding etc. are important but not absolutely essential factors] (Nietzsche may be regarded as one of our prophets…)” —Magick Without Tears, ch.48 Friedrich Nietzsche was a German philosopher翻譯社 poet翻譯社 and philologist who lived from 1844 to 1900. I will first give a brief biography of this great thinker and then his influence on Aleister Crowley and Thelema will be discussed. 克勞利繼續寫道： Firstly, we can see that Aleister Crowley thought very highly of Nietzsche: he not only included as a Gnostic Saint in Liber XV but thought of him as a prophet of the Aeon of Horus. Crowley said of him:
“任何一種思想都邑因為矛盾而遭受當即破壞或抵消，這就是所有高度靈性的視野的特徵。
The Life of Friedrich Nietzsche翻譯社 Prophet of Thelema “於我來說，尼采幾近就是聰明之神透特的化身...”——《克勞利的自白》，第76篇 “Nietzsche was to me almost an avatar of Thoth, the god of wisdom…” —Confessions, ch.76 Crowley mentions Nietzsche when he writes regarding the ethic of Thelema and going beyond good and evil:
尼采在23歲的時候於服役時代受傷，因此他只得重返萊比錫大學，這也是他結識理查・華格納的契機。 阿萊斯特・克勞利對弗里德里希・尼采的看法 1889年，尼采在目擊了一匹馬被鞭打後便禁不住上前摟抱牠並放聲大哭，隨後尼采的精力便完全潰逃。’）...（簽名）狄奧尼索斯”... “去讀尼采！”——《春分》I:6〈伊達・彭德爾的考驗〉 泰勒瑪的先知，弗里德里希・尼采的平生 “It is characteristic of all high spiritual vision that the formulation of any idea is immediately destroyed or canceled out by the arising of the contradictory. Hegel and Nietzsche had glimmerings of the idea翻譯社 but it is described very fully and simply in the Book of Wisdom or Folly.” —The Book of Thoth “Area [or Common] Morality: This is the code of the “Slave-Gods翻譯社” very thoroughly analysed翻譯社 pulverized翻譯社 and de-loused by Nietzsche in Antichrist. It consists of all the meanest vices翻譯社 especially envy, cowardice, cruelty and greed…” —Magick Without Tears, ch.70 按照克勞利對尼采的熟悉，我們最少可以猜想他應該讀過《歡愉的科學》，《善惡的彼端》和《反基督者》翻譯像他就有在這面的引文裡提到《反基督者》，而且他在《律法》LXV V:37的注釋裡也提到了《善惡的彼端》，“噢，這是超脫在馬茲達和哈里曼之外的境地！為這個時期的你們獻上祝願，”他寫道：“在波斯神學裡，有所謂的善與惡之原則，尼采也是；並且這在我們的教義裡也多有表達。” “Read Nietzsche!” –Aleister Crowley From these quotations it should be apparent that Crowley not only knew Nietzsche’s writings fairly well for his time but was greatly influenced by them. He hailed Nietzsche not only as a Gnostic Saint of the E.G.C. but also a prophet of the Law of Thelema翻譯社 a title Crowley did not throw around lightly.
“...良善，責任心還有益他主義都是人類進步的絆腳石。 “這本書（《律法》）為人類社會規定了一種全新的二分法；即主人與奴隸；貴族與農奴；‘孤狼’和牛群翻譯（‘主人’象徵著勇於冒險與承擔責任。‘奴隸’的座右銘則是‘平安第一’，所有這一切都不言自明。種族、誕生、滋生這些都很主要，但不是最或不可缺的）（尼采該當被視為是我們的先知之一...）”——《沒有眼淚的魔法》，第48篇 “Nietzsche has well observed that the best thoughts come by walking; and it has happened to me, more than once or twice, that really important correspondences have come, as by a flashlight, when I was padding the old hoof.” —Magick Without Tears, ch.4 尼采在泰勒瑪教義裡的立場 “…kindness and conscientiousness and altruism are really drawbacks to the progress of humanity. As Nietzsche said this, and I too agree with him, there is little more to be said.” —Liber 888 起首，華碩翻譯社們可以清晰的看見克勞利特別很是讚賞尼采：他不但在《律法》裡視後者為諾斯底派的聖人，而且他還強調尼采恰是荷魯斯時代的先知翻譯克勞利曾這麼說過： Do what thou wilt shall be the whole of the Law. http://www.thelemicunion.com/aleister-crowley-friedrich-nietzsche/ “There is a good deal of the Nietzschean standpoint in this verse. It is the evolutionary and natural view. Of what use is it to perpetuate the misery of Tuberculosis翻譯社 and such diseases翻譯社 as we now do? Nature’s way is to weed out the weak. This is the most merciful way, too. At present all the strong are being damaged, and their progress hindered by the dead weight of the weak limbs and the missing limbs翻譯社 the diseased limbs and the atrophied limbs. The Christians to the Lions!” –Commentary to Liber AL vel Legis II:21 “尼采該當被視為是我們先知之一...”——《沒有眼淚的魔法》，第48頁 When Nietzsche turned 23 he entered military service but suffered an injury which allowed him return to the University of Leipzig where he met Richard Wagner. Nietzsche initially had a powerful friendship with Wagner, calling his relationship with him his “greatest achievement,” and while he still would write about Wagner late into his life (in The Case of Wagner and Nietzsche contra Wagner and elsewhere) they eventually had somewhat of a falling out翻譯社 including Nietzsche critiquing Wagner’s sentimentalism in his music. At age 24, Nietzsche was offered the position of a professor of classical philology at the University of Basel. At age 25 he served as a medical attendant during the Franco-Prussian War where he contracted diphtheria and dysentery and saw up close the traumatic effects that battle could induce. 以後尼采最先遊歷歐洲，他造訪過的處所包孕尼斯、錫爾斯-瑪麗亞、萊比錫、都靈、熱那亞、雷科阿羅、墨西拿、拉帕洛、佛羅倫薩、威尼斯和羅馬。 Friedrich Nietzsche in Aleister Crowley’s writings 最後，克勞利也對尼采的超脫觀表達了看法： Further, Crowley writes: “We may define the doctrine of the White School in its purity in very simple terms. Existence is pure joy. Sorrow is caused by failure to perceive this fact; but this is not a misfortune. We have invented sorrow, which does not matter so much after all, in order to have the exuberant satisfaction of getting rid of it. Existence is thus a sacrament. Adepts of the White School regard their brethren of the Black very much as the aristocratic English Sahib (of the days when England was a nation) regarded the benighted Hindu. Nietzsche expresses the philosophy of this School to that extent with considerable accuracy and vigour. The man who denounces life merely defines himself as the man who is unequal to it. The brave man rejoices in giving and taking hard knocks, and the brave man is joyous.” —Magick Without Tears翻譯社 ch. 7 In general, Crowley sympathized with Nietzsche’s assessment of Christianity as ‘slave morality.’ He wrote, “I entirely agree with Nietzsche that Christianity is the formula of the servile state; true aristocracy and true democracy are equally its enemies. In my ideal state everyone is respected for what he is. There will always be slaves, and the slave is to be defined as he who acquiesces in being a slave” (Confessions, ch.60). He also writes: When Nietzsche was 20 he enrolled in the University of Bonn as a student of theology and philology (the study of ancient and classical texts), although he switched to the University of Leipzig to pursue philology more closely. It was here that Nietzsche would come upon Arthur Schopenhauer’s The World as Will and Representation accidentally in a bookstore, a book that would influence his thinking arguably more than any other. Friedrich Nietzsche is listed as a Gnostic Saint in Liber LII, which shows he had, at the very least, a profound influence on the thinking of Aleister Crowley. An assortment of references to Nietzsche by Crowley show that he was fairly well-read in Nietzsche’s thought, especially since translations of certain texts did not necessarily come out for a while.
“這節經文裡有良多與尼采附近的概念。從克勞利提及尼采的各個段落來看，他應當確實細心揣摩過尼采的思惟，迥殊是因為有些作品的譯版還未必已上市。
尼采在《律法之書》裡被尊奉為諾斯底派的聖人，光是這點就足以講明他一定對阿萊斯特・克勞利的思惟有過深入的影響。
Friedrich Nietzsche was born on October 15翻譯社 1844 in Roecken bei Luetzen near Leipzig in Germany. Around when Nietzsche was five翻譯社 his father and brother both died within 6 months of each other. Nietzsche was born into a line of Lutheran ministers including his father and grandfather, and his immersion in Christianity continued when he was enrolled in a boarding school from age 14 to 19 which used to be a Cistercian monastery. Around this time, Nietzsche learned about Hoelderlin’s romantic poetry and Richard Wagner’s music翻譯社 both of which would greatly influence his inner development. 克勞利也曾在論及泰勒瑪的理論和超脫善惡的理念時提到尼采： “尼采很透徹的觀察到，靈光常常乍現於漫步；對我來講一樣如此，而且不止一兩次，每當我拖起腳漫步去時，最重要的靈感就會出現翻譯”——《沒有眼淚的魔法》，第4篇 1844年10月15日，弗里德里希・尼采出身於德國萊比錫四周的洛肯呂岑鎮。尼采5歲的時刻，他的父親和弟弟在六個月內相繼作古。尼采一家都信仰路德派，包孕他的父親和祖父，而他本人也相當鍾情於基督教，他在14-19歲期間就讀的寄宿黉舍之前就是一間基督教修道院。尼采也是在這個時候接觸了荷爾德林的浪漫詩歌與理查・華格納的音樂，這二者也都對他的自華碩翻譯社成長產生了極大的影響翻譯 
也許這段話是鑒戒自《歡愉》（“我們其實不屬於那些只能從書裡獲得靈感的人。
After this Nietzsche traveled around Europe include Nice, Sils-Maria, Leipzig翻譯社 Turin, Genoa, Recoaro, Messina, Rapallo翻譯社 Florence, Venice翻譯社 and Rome. During this time he wrote many books including Daybreak in 1881, The Gay Science in 1882, Thus Spoke Zarathustra from 1883-1885, Beyond Good and Evil in 1886, On the Genealogy of Morals in 1887, and several books in 1888 including The Case of Wagner, Twilight of the Idols, The Antichrist, Ecce Homo, and Nietzsche Contra Wagner. 從這些引文裡我們不難發現，克勞利不但讀過尼采的著作，乃至可謂深受其影響。 在《沒有眼淚的魔法》中，克勞利描寫了三間魔法學院。他引述《律法》和尼采的話來定義所謂的白色學院，而且將兩者密切聯繫在一路： 阿萊斯特・克勞利筆下的弗里德里希・尼采 by IAO131 - January 9翻譯社 2017 Finally翻譯社 Crowley also writes about Nietzsche’s knowledge of going beyond opposites:
20歲的尼采以研習神學和語言學（古代與古典文學研究）的學生身份入讀波恩大學，固然他後來又選擇去萊比錫大學好更專注地攻讀說話學翻譯尼采也正是在此時，無意偶爾的在書店裡發現了阿圖爾・叔本華的《作為意志和表象的世界》，這本書對他的影響絕對要比其它任何著作都來很多。 Crowley also writes翻譯社 “Yet this I charge thee with my Might: Live Dangerously. Was not this the Word of thine Uncle Friedrich Nietzsche?” (Liber Aleph翻譯社 ch.47). This mention of “live dangerously” is most likely a reference to The Gay Science (“the secret for harvesting from existence the greatest fruitfulness and the greatest enjoyment is – to live dangerously … “) although similar lines appear in Thus Spake Zarathustra. Crowley echoes Nietzsche’s ideas about evolution and the will-to-power when he writes: “基督教已經步入黃昏，所以對象是尼采和克勞利這樣的思惟家而言，基督已逐步無異於‘魔鬼’。——O.M.”——克勞利對埃利法斯・利維的《神秘學之鑰》的翻譯筆記 “Nietzsche may be regarded as one of our prophets…” —Magick Without Tears, ch.48 尼采在27歲（1871）那年出書了他的第一部著作《悲劇的誕生》，華格納對高度讚賞這部作品，但其他學者卻予以嚴峻指斥。 This either comes from The Gay Science (“We do not belong to those who have ideas only among books, when stimulated by books. It is our habit to think outdoors – walking翻譯社 leaping, climbing翻譯社 dancing, preferably on lonely mountains or near the sea where even the trails become thoughtful. Our first questions about the value of a book翻譯社 of a human being, or a musical composition are: Can they walk? Even more翻譯社 can they dance?”) or Ecce Homo (“Sit as little as possible; give no credence to any thought that was not born outdoors while one moved about freely – in which the muscles are not celebrating a feast, too. All prejudices come from the intestines… The sedentary life – as I have said once before – is the real sin against the holy spirit.”)
“（1919年），華碩翻譯社興起了想要按照《律法之書》的原則成立一個團體的念頭，好開闢一個嶄新社會的根本。
“Christianity has fallen, and so Christ has already become the ‘devil’ to such thinkers as Nietzsche and Crowley. — O.M.” –Note in Crowley’s translation of Eliphas Levi’s The Key of the Mysteries
“我們可以用很是簡單的術語來界說白色學院的教義。
In 1889翻譯社 Nietzsche famously had a mental breakdown when he witnessed a horse being whipped翻譯社 threw his arms around the horse, and collapsed. During this time翻譯社 he was considered insane although his letters reveal a strangely mystical insight, e.g. “Sing me a new song: the world is transfigured and all the heavens are joyous. [signed] The Crucified One” and “I go everywhere in my student coat, now and then slap someone on the back, and say: siamo contenti? Son dio, ho fatto questa caricatura [“Is everything OK? I am God, this farce is my creation.”]… [signed] Dionysus”…
本文引用自: http://blog.xuite.net/kesaite/blog/481151433有關翻譯的問題歡迎諮詢華碩翻譯社
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